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Publications with significant Ion Chemistry emphasis:
X. Liang, J. Liu, Y. LeBlanc, T. Covey, A. C.
Ptak, J. T. Brenna, and S. A. McLuckey, J.Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 18 (2007),
1783-1788.
"Electron
Transfer Dissociation of Doubly Sodiated Glycerophosphocholine Lipids."
C. K. Barlow, B. D. M. Hodges, Y. Xia, R. A. J. O'Hair, and
S. A. McLuckey, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., In Press.
"Gas-Phase Ion/Ion
Reactions of Transition Metal Complex Cations with Multiply-Charged
Oligodeoxynucleotide Anions."
Y. Xia, H. P. Gunawardena, D. E. Erickson, and S.
A. McLuckey, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 129 (2007), 12232-12243.
"Effects
of Cation Charge Site Identity and Position on Electron Transfer Dissociation of
Polypeptide Cations."
T. Huang, J. F. Emory, R. A. J. O'Hair, S. A. McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 78
(2006) 7387-7391.
"Electron Transfer Reagent Anion
Formation via Electrospray Ionization and Collision-induced Dissociation."
H. P. Gunawardena, R. A. J. O'Hair, S. A. McLuckey. J. Proteome. Res., 5
(2006) 2087-2092.
"Selective Disulfide Bond
Cleavage in Gold(I) Cationized Polypeptide Ions Formed via Gas-Phase Ion/Ion
Cation Switching."
Y. Xia, P. A. Chrisman, S. J. Pitteri, D. E. Erickson, S. A. McLuckey, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 128 (2006) 11792-11798.
"Ion/Molecule Reactions of
Cation Radicals Formed from Protonated Polypeptides via Gas-Phase Ion/Ion
Electron Transfer.".
S.A.
McLuckey, In "Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry: Volume 6: Molecular
Ionization, Topic 16 of Chapter 11. Spray Methods for Ionization ", Michael
L. Gross, Ed..
"
T.T. Mekecha, R. Amunugama, S.A. McLuckey, J.Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 17
(2006) 923-931.
"Ion Trap
Collision-induced Dissociation of Human Hemoglobin α-Chain Cations."
S.J. Pitteri, P.A. Chrisman, E.R. Badman, S.A. McLuckey, Int. J. Mass
Spectrom., 253 (2006) 147-155.
"Charge-State
Dependent Dissociation of a Trypsin/Inhibitor Complex via Ion Trap Collisional
Activation."
Y. Xia, X. Liang, S.A. McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 78 (2006) 1218-1227.
"Ion-Trap vs. Low Energy
Beam-Type Collision-Induced Dissociation of Protonated Ubiquitin Ions."
D.J. Watson, S.A. McLuckey,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., In Press.
"Charge State
Dependent Ion Trap Collision-Induced Dissociation of Reduced Bovine and Porcine
Trypsin Cations."
H.P. Gunawardena, M. He, P.A. Chrisman, S.J.
Pitteri, J.M. Hogan, B.D.M. Hodges, S.A. McLuckey, J.Am. Chem. Soc., 127
(2005) 12627-12639.
"Electron
Transfer versus Proton Transfer in Gas-Phase Ion-Ion Reactions of Polyprotonated
Peptides."
S.J.
Pitteri, P.A. Chrisman, S.A. McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 77 (2005)
5662-5669.
"Electron Transfer Ion/Ion Reactions of
Doubly Protonated Peptides: The Effect of Elevated Bath Gas Temperature."
S.A. McLuckey, In "Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry:
Fundamentals of and Applications to Organic (and Organometallic)
Compounds", N.M.M. Nibbering, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005, Vol. 5.
553-561.
"Proton Transfer Reactions Involving
Multiply Charged Ions"
M. He, J.F. Emory, S.A. McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 77
(2005) 3173-3182.
"Reagent Anions for Charge Inversion of
Polypeptide/Protein Cations in the Gas Phase."
S.J. Pitteri, P.A. Chrisman, J.M. Hogan, S.A.
McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 77 (2005) 1831-1839.
"Electron Transfer Ion/Ion Reactions in a
Three-Dimensional Quadrupole Ion Trap: Reactions of Doubly and Triply
Protonated Peptides with SO2-·."
K.A. Newton, R. Amunugama, S.A. McLuckey, J. Phys. Chem. A., 109 (2005) 3608-3616.
"Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions of Multiply Protonated
Polypeptides with Metal Containing Anions."
M. He, S.A. McLuckey, J. Mass Spectrom., 39 (2004)
1231-1259.
"Charge
Permutation Reactions in Tandem Mass Spectrometry."
K.A. Newton, S.J. Pitteri, M. Laskowski Jr., S.A.
McLuckey, J. Proteome Res., 3 (2004) 1033-1041.
"Effects
of Single Amino Acid Substitution on the Collision-Induced Dissociation of
Intact Protein Ions: Turkey Ovomucoid Third Domain."
M. He, S.A. McLuckey, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004)
4189-4192.
"Increasing
the Negative Charge of a Macro-Anion in the Gas Phase via Sequential Charge
Inversion Reactions."
M. He, S.A. McLuckey, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.,
18 (2004) 960-972.
"Tandem
Mass Spectrometry of Half Generation PAMAM Dendrimer Anions"
K.A. Newton, M. He., R. Amunugama, S.A. McLuckey,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 6 (2004) 2710-2717.
"Selective
Cation Removal From Gaseous Polypeptide Ions: Proton versus Sodium Ion
Abstraction via Ion/Ion Reactions."
H.P. Gunawardena, S.A. McLuckey, J. Mass Spectrom.,
39 (2004) 630-638.
"Synthesis
of Multi-unit Protein Hetero-complexes In the Gas Phase via Ion/Ion
Chemistry."
K.A. Newton, S.A. McLuckey, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 15 (2004) 607-615.
"Generation
and Manipulation of Sodium Cationized Peptides in the Gas Phase."
K.A. Newton, S.A. McLuckey, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125
(2003) 12404-12405.
"Gas-Phase
Peptide/Protein Cationizing Agent Switching via Ion/Ion Reactions."
S.J. Pitteri, G.E. Reid, S.A. McLuckey, J. Proteome
Res., 3 (2004) 46-54.
"Affecting
Proton Mobility in Activated Whole Protein Ions via Lysine Guanidination."
M.
"Two
Ion/ion Charge Inversion Steps to form a Doubly-protonated Peptide from a
Singly-protonated Peptide in the Gas Phase."
J.M. Wells, P.A. Chrisman, S.A. McLuckey, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 125 (2003) 7238-7249.
"Formation
and Characterization of Protein-protein Complexes in Vacuo."
J. Wu, S.A. McLuckey, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 228 (2003)
577-597.
"Ion/Ion
Reactions of Multiply Charged Nucleic Acid Anions: Electron Transfer, Proton
Transfer, and Ion Attachment."
J.M. Hogan, S.A. McLuckey, J. Mass Spectrom., 38 (2003) 245-256.
"Charge State Dependent
Collision-induced Dissociation of Native and Reduced Porcine Elastase."
P.A. Chrisman, S.A. McLuckey, J. Proteome Res. 1, (2002) 549-557.
"Dissociations of
Disulfide-linked Gaseous Polypeptide/Protein Anions: Ion Chemistry with
Implications for Protein Identification and Characterization."
B.J. Engel, P. Pan, G.E. Reid, J.M. Wells, S.A. McLuckey Int. J. Mass
Spectrom., 219 (2002) 171-187.
"Charge State
Dependent Fragmentation of Gaseous Protein Ions in a Quadrupole Ion Trap:
Bovine Ferri-, Ferro-, and Apo-cytochrome c."
G.E. Reid, J.L. Stephenson, Jr, S.A. McLuckey Anal. Chem., 74 (2002)
577-583.
"Tandem Mass Spectrometry of
Ribonuclease A and B: N-linked Glycosylation Site Analysis of Whole Proteins
Ions."
J.M. Wells and
"Collision-induced Dissociation (CID) of Peptides and Proteins."
S.A. McLuckey, In "Encyclopedia of
Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Ion Chemistry", P.B. Armentrout, Ed.,
Elsevier,
"Ion/Ion Reactions: Biopolymers"
J.M. Wells and
"Collisional Activation and Dissociation: Methodology"
J.M. Wells, P.A. Chrisman, S.A. McLuckey J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123 (2001)
12428-12429.
"Formation of
Protein-Protein Complexes in vacuo."
P.A. Chrisman, K.A. Newton, G.E. Reid, J.M.
"Loss of Charged Versus Neutral
Heme from Gaseous Holomyoglobin Ions."
K.A. Newton, P.A. Chrisman, J.M. Wells, G.E. Reid, S.A. McLuckey Int. J.
Mass Spectrom., 212 (2001) 359-376.
"Gaseous
Apomyoglobin Ion Dissociation in a Quadrupole Ion Trap:
(M+2H)2+-(M+21H)21+."
J.M. Wells, G.E. Reid, B.J. Engel, P. Pan, S.A. McLuckey J. Am. Soc. Mass
Spectrom., 12 (2001) 873-876.
"Dissociation
Reactions of Gaseous Ferro-, Ferri- and Apo-cytochrome c Ions."
G.E. Reid, J. Wu, P.A. Chrisman, J.M.
"Charge State Dependent
Sequence Analysis of Protonated Ubiquitin Ions via Ion Trap Tandem Mass
Spectrometry."
D.E. Goeringer, D.C. Duckworth, S.A. McLuckey, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105 (2001)
1882-1889.
"Collision-induced
Dissociation in Quadrupole Ion Traps: Application of a Thermal Model to
Diatomic Ions."
J.M. Wells, J.L. Stephenson, Jr., and
"Charge
Dependence of Positive Insulin Ion Decompositions."
D.C. Duckworth, D.E. Goeringer, S.A. McLuckey, J. Am. Soc. Mass
Spectrom., 11 (2000) 1072-1078.
"Measurement of
Collision-induced Dissociation Rates for Tantalum Oxide Ions in a Quadrupole
Ion Trap."
T.G. Schaaff, J.L. Stephenson Jr., and
"Reactions of
Angiotensin Ions with Hydroiodic Acid."
T.G. Schaaff, B.J. Cargile, J.L. Stephenson Jr., and
"Ion Trap Collisional
Activation of the (M+2H)2+- (M+17H)17+ Ions of Human Hemoglobin
-Chain."
T.G. Schaaff, J.L. Stephenson, Jr., and
"Gas Phase H/D
Exchange Kinetics: DI versus D2O."
S.A. McLuckey, K.G. Asano, T.G. Schaaff,
and J.L. Stephenson, Jr., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 195/196 (2000) 419-437.
"Ion Trap
Collisional Activation of Protonated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers:
Generations 1 - 5."
D.J. Butcher, K.G. Asano, D.E. Goeringer, and
"Thermal Dissociation of
Gaseous Bradykinin Ions."
T. Gregory Schaaff, J.L. Stephenson, Jr., and
"The Reactivity of Gaseous
Ions of Bradykinin and its Analogs with Hydro- and Deuteroiodic Acid."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr., B.J. Cargile, and
"Ion Trap Collisional Activation of Disulfide Linkage Intact and Reduced
Multiply Protonated Polypeptides."
K.G. Asano, D.E. Goeringer, D.J. Butcher, and
"Bath Gas
Temperature and the Appearance of Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectra of High-Mass
Ions."
K.G. Asano, D.J. Butcher, D. E. Goeringer, and
"Effective Ion Internal Temperatures Achieved via Boundary Activation in
the Quadrupole Ion Trap: Protonated Leucine Enkephalin."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr., T.G. Schaaff, and
"Hydroiodic Acid
Attachment Kinetics as a Chemical Probe of Gaseous Protein Ion Structure:
Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor."
D.E. Goeringer, K.G. Asano, and
"Ion Internal
Temperature and Ion Trap Collisional Activation: Protonated Leucine
Enkephalin."
K.G. Asano, D.E. Goeringer, and
"Thermal
Dissociation in the Quadrupole Ion Trap: Ions Derived from Leucine
Enkephalin."
S.A. McLuckey and J.L. Stephenson, Jr.,
Mass Spectrom. Rev., 17 (1998) 369-407.
"Ion/Ion Chemistry of High-Mass Multiply Charged Ions."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Reactions of
Poly(ethylene glycol) Cations with Iodide and Perfluorocarbon Anions."
D.E. Goeringer and
"Relaxation of
Internally Excited High Mass Ions Simulated Under Typical Quadrupole Ion Trap
Storage Conditions."
S.A. McLuckey, J.L. Stephenson, Jr., and
K.G. Asano, Anal. Chem., 70 (1998) 1198-1202.
"Ion/ion Proton Transfer
Kinetics: Implications for Analysis of Ions Derived from Electrospray of
Protein Mixtures."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Ion-ion Proton Transfer Reactions of Multiply-Charged Oligonucleotide
Cations."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Charge Reduction of Oligonucleotide Anions via Gas Phase Electron
Transfer to Xenon Cations."
S.A. McLuckey and D.E. Goeringer J. Mass
Spectrom., 32 (1997) 461-474.
"Slow Heating Methods in Tandem Mass Spectrometry."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr., G.J. Van Berkel, and
"Ion/ion Proton
Transfer Reactions of Bio-ions Involving Non-Covalent Interactions:
Holomyoglobin."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Counting Basic Sites in
Oligopeptides via Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Gaseous Protein Cations are
Amphoteric."
R.A.J. O'Hair and
"Trimethylsilyl Derivatization of Nucleic Acid Anions in the Gas
Phase."
S.A. McLuckey, J.L. Stephenson, Jr., and
R.A.J. O'Hair J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 8 (1997) 148-154.
"Decompositions
of Odd- and Even-electron Anions Derived from Deoxy-Polyadenylates."
S.A. McLuckey and G. Vaidyanathan Int. J.
Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 162 (1997) 1-16.
"
L.D. Hulett, J. Xu, S.A. McLuckey, and D.M. Schrader, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Art.,
210 (1996) 309-325.
"The Interaction of Slow Positrons with Organic Molecules Above and Below
Positronium Formation Thresholds."
S.A. McLuckey, W.J. Herron, J.L.
Stephenson, Jr., and D.E. Goeringer J. Mass Spectrom., 31 (1996) 1093-1100.
"Cation Attachment to Multiply-Charged Anions of Oxidized Bovine Insulin
A-Chain."
J.L. Stephenson, Jr. and
"Ion/Ion Reactions in the
Gas-Phase: Proton Transfer Reactions Involving Multiply-Charged Proteins."
L.D. Hulett, Jr., J. Xu, S.A. McLuckey, T.A. Lewis, and D.M. Schrader Can.
J. Phys., 74 (1996) 411-419.
"The Ionization of Organic Molecules by Slow Positrons."
D.E. Goeringer and
"Kinetics of Collision-Induced Dissociation in the Paul Trap: A
First-Order Model."
S.A. McLuckey, L.D. Hulett, Jr., Jun Xu,
and T.A. Lewis Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10 (1996) 269-276.
"Gas Phase Ionization of Polyatomic Molecules via Interactions with
Positrons."
W.J. Herron, D.E. Goeringer, and
"Reactions of Polyatomic Dianions with Cations in the Paul Trap."
D.E. Goeringer and
"Evolution of Ion Internal Energy During Collisional Excitation in the
Paul Ion Trap: A Stochastic Approach."
W.J. Herron, D.E. Goeringer, and
"Gas-phase Electron Transfer Reactions from Multiply-Charged Anions to
Rare Gas Cations."
S.A. McLuckey, G. Vaidyanathan, and S.
Habibi-Goudarzi J. Mass Spectrom., 30 (1995) 1222-1229.
"Charged vs. Neutral Nucleobase Loss from Multiply-charged Oligonucleotide
Anions."
W.J. Herron, D.E. Goeringer, and
"Ion-Ion
Reactions in the Gas-Phase: Proton Transfer Reactions of Protonated Pyridine
with Multiply-Charged Oligonucleotide Anions."
J. Xu, L.D. Hulett, Jr., T.A. Lewis, and S.A. McLuckey Phys. Rev. A, 52,
(1995) 2088-2094.
"Chemical Selectivity in Dissociative Ionization of Organic Molecules by
Low Energy Positrons."
S. Habibi-Goudarzi and
"Ion Trap
Collisional Activation of the Deprotonated Deoxymononucleoside and
Deoxydinucleoside Monophosphates."
R.G. Cooks, J.S. Patrick, T. Kotiaho, and
"Thermochemical Determinations by the Kinetic Method."
J. Xu, L.D. Hulett, Jr., T.A. Lewis, D.L. Donohue, S.A. McLuckey, and O.H.
Crawford Phys. Rev. A, 49 (1994) R3151-R3154.
"Internal Energy Deposition into Molecules upon Positron-Electron
Ionization."
M.J. Charles, S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 5 (1994)
1031-1041.
"Competition
Between Resonance Ejection and Ion Dissociation During Resonance Excitation in
a Quadrupole Ion Trap."
S.A. McLuckey, S. Habibi-Goudarzi J. Am.
Soc. Mass Spectrom., 5 (1994) 740-747.
"Ion Trap Tandem
Mass Spectrometry Applied to Small Multiply-Charged Oligonucleotides with a
Modified Base."
S.A. McLuckey and R.S. Ramsey
J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 5, (1994) 324-327.
"Gaseous
Myoglobin Ions Stored at Greater Than 300 K."
G.L. Glish, R.G. Greaves, S.A. McLuckey, L.D. Hulett, C.M. Surko, J.Xu, and
D.L. Donohue Phys. Rev. A, 49, (1994) 2389-2393.
"Ion Production by Positron-Molecule Resonances."
S.A. McLuckey, S. Habibi-Goudarzi J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 115, (1993) 12085-12095.
"Decompositions of Multiply-charged Oligonucleotide Anions."
L.D. Hulett, Jr., D.L. Donohue, J. Xu, T.A. Lewis,
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish Chem. Phys. Lett., 216, (1993) 236-240.
"Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Ionization of Organic Molecules by
Low-energy Positrons."
J. Xu, L.D. Hulett, Jr., T.A. Lewis, D.L. Donohue, S.A. McLuckey, and G.L.
Glish Phys Rev. A, 47 (1993) 1023-1030.
"Positron-Induced Dissociation of Organic Molecules."
S.A. McLuckey, G.J. Van Berkel, and G.L.
Glish, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 3 (1992) 60-70.
"Mass
Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry of Small Multiply Charged
Oligonucleotides."
G.J. Van Berkel, S.A. McLuckey, and G.L. Glish, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.,
3 (1992) 235.
"Unimolecular and
Collision-Induced Reactions of Doubly Charged Porphyrins."
K.J. Hart,
"Reaction of
Analyte Ions with Neutral Chemical Ionization Gas."
S.A. McLuckey J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 3
(1992) 599.
"Principles of
Collisional Activation in Analytical Mass Spectrometry."
K.J. Hart,
"Evidence of
Isomerization During Ion Isolation in the Quadrupole Ion Trap."
L.D. Hulett, Jr., D.L. Donohue, G.L. Glish, S.A. McLuckey, and T.A. Lewis
Mater. Sci. Forum, 105-110 (1992), 273.
"Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Ionization of Large Organic Molecules by
Slow Positrons."
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish, and G.J. Van
Berkel Anal. Chem., 63 (1991) 1971.
"Charge Determination of Product Ions Formed from Collision-Induced
Dissociation of Multiply Protonated Molecules via Ion/Molecule Reactions."
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish, K.G. Asano, and
J.E. Bartmess, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 109 (1991) 171.
"Protonated Water and Protonated Methanol Cluster Decompositions in a
Quadrupole Ion Trap."
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish, D.L. Donohue,
and L.D. Hulett, Jr., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 97 (1990) 237.
"Positron Ionization Mass Spectrometry II: Ionization by Fast
Positrons."
R.A. Flurer, G.L. Glish, and
"Structures of
NO3- Formed Via Glow Discharge in Atmospheric Gases."
D.L. Donohue, L.D. Hulett, Jr., B.A. Eckenrode, S.A. McLuckey, and G.L.
Glish, Chem. Phys. Lett., 168 (1990) 37.
"Positron Ionization Mass Spectrometry III: Ionization of Organic
Molecules by Positronium Formation."
S.A. McLuckey, G.J. Van Berkel, and G.L.
Glish, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112 (1990) 5668.
"Reactions of Dimethylamine with Multiply Charged Ions of Cytochrome
C."
G.J. Van Berkel, G.L. Glish, S.A. McLuckey, and A.A. Tuinman, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 111 (1989) 6027.
"Mechanism of Porphyrin Reduction and Decomposition in a High Pressure
Chemical Ionization Plasma."
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish, K.G. Asano and
G.J. Van Berkel, Anal. Chem., 60 (1988) 2312.
"Self Chemical Ionization in an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer."
S.A. McLuckey and G.L. Glish, Int. J. Mass
Spectrom. Ion Proc., 76, (1987) 41.
”Dished Peaks from Collision-Induced Dissociations."
S.A. McLuckey and G.L. Glish, Org. Mass
Spectrom., 22 (1987) 224.
"The Effect of Charge on Hydroxyl Loss from Ortho Substituted Nitrobenzene
Ions."
S.A. McLuckey, G.L. Glish and P.E. Kelley,
Anal. Chem., 59, (1987) 1670.
"Collision Activated Decomposition of Negative Ions in an Ion Trap Mass
Spectrometer."
K.V. Wood, S.A. McLuckey and R.G. Cooks, Org. Mass Spectrom., 21 (1986) 11.
"The Effect of Ion Source Temperature on the Fragmentation of
2-Pentanone."
W.J. van der Zande, S.A. McLuckey, D.P. de Bruijn, J.Los and P.G Kistemaker,
Adv. Mass Spectrom., 10B (1986) 1123.
"Angular Scattering in Dissociative Collisions of Ionized Acetone with
Helium."
S.A. McLuckey, Org. Mass Spectrom., 19
(1984) 545.
"Collision Energy Effects in Tandem Mass Spectrometry as Revealed by a
Proton-bound Dimer Ion."
S.A. McLuckey and R.G. Cooks, Int. J. Mass
Spectrom. Ion Proc., 56 (1984) 223.
"Fragmentation from an Isolated Electronic State of
C.E.D. Ouwerkerk, S.A. McLuckey, P.G. Kistemaker and and A.J.H. Boerboom,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 56 (1984) 11.
"Pressure and Target Gas Effects in the Collision-Induced Dissociation of
Methane Molecular Ions."
S.A. McLuckey, C.E.D. Ouwerkerk, A.J.H.
Boerboom and P.G. Kistemaker, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 59 (1984) 85.
"The Effect of Collision Energy in Polyatomic Ion/Neutral Target
Collisions over a Range of 10-6000 eV."
